Shots, Cuts, Transitions

Rack Focus

• Changing the focus of the lens during a continuous shot.

• When a shot “racks,” it moves the focal plane from one object in the frame to another.

• AKA: "focus pull" or "pulling focus," the technique can include small or large changes of focus.

OTS Shot/Reverse Shot

• OTS: Over the shoulder

• Multiple shots edited together in a way that alternates characters

• Typically to show both sides of a conversation situation.

180 Degree Rule

• Creates spatial relations between two characters

• An imaginary line

• By keeping the camera on one side of the line, the characters maintain the same left/right relationship to each other

Match Cut

• Connects two shots based on a visual or auditory similarity between them

• Create a seamless/continuous flow between the shots. 

• This similarity can be in terms of shape, movement, color, or any other visual element. 

• Establish a visual or conceptual link between two different scenes or to draw attention to a particular detail.

Rhythmic Cut

• Made in sync with the rhythm or beat of the film's soundtrack. 

• Emphasizes the musicality or pace of a scene

• Can create a sense of energy or tension.

• Often used in music videos

Spatial Cut

• Signifies a change in physical location or setting.

• Used to shift the audience's focus from one space or place to another. 

• As simple as changing the camera angle or as complex as transitioning from one location to a completely different one.

• Helps in establishing a sense of place

• Can be used to build the geography of the film's world.